Which patients are at risk for developing oxygen toxicity?

Patients receiving high concentrations of oxygen for prolonged periods are at risk for developing oxygen toxicity. This condition arises primarily due to the harmful effects of excessive oxygen in the body, particularly at pressures greater than those found in normal atmospheric conditions. When exposed to high concentrations of oxygen for extended durations, the reactive oxygen species can cause cellular damage, leading to issues such as pulmonary edema, airway irritation, and, in severe cases, central nervous system effects that may manifest as seizures.

It's important to recognize that low concentrations of oxygen, especially when delivered for short durations, generally do not pose the same risk of toxicity, as the body can typically handle these levels safely. Moreover, individuals with normal oxygen levels or those undergoing routine check-ups are unlikely to experience oxygen toxicity since they are not subjected to elevated oxygen levels for a significant time. Therefore, the significant risk factors are tied directly to the duration and concentration of oxygen exposure.