What does PEEP stand for, and why is it used?

PEEP stands for Positive End-Expiratory Pressure, which is a critical concept in respiratory therapy and mechanical ventilation. This technique involves maintaining a certain level of pressure in the airways at the end of expiration, which serves several important purposes in patient care.

The primary reason for using PEEP is to maintain airway pressure and prevent the alveoli (the small air sacs in the lungs) from fully collapsing at the end of expiration. By keeping a positive pressure in the airways, PEEP can help improve oxygenation by increasing the surface area available for gas exchange and preventing atelectasis (the collapse of part or all of a lung). This is particularly beneficial in patients with conditions such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or those who are mechanically ventilated.

In contrast, the other options listed do not accurately reflect the purpose of PEEP. While it may have indirect effects on heart rate or breathing patterns, its primary function is related to maintaining airway pressure to enhance lung function and improve oxygenation.