What does hypoxia refer to?

Hypoxia specifically refers to low oxygen levels within tissues, which can occur even when the arterial blood oxygen levels are normal. This condition can arise from various factors, such as inadequate blood flow (ischemia), structural issues with tissues, or problems with the cellular utilization of oxygen. While low arterial blood oxygen levels can contribute to hypoxia, it is the condition of the tissues themselves that is the defining characteristic of hypoxia. Understanding this concept is crucial in clinical settings, as it helps healthcare providers assess and manage oxygenation at the tissue level, ensuring organs and cells receive the oxygen necessary for their functions.