What condition can be exacerbated by administering high-flow oxygen to certain patients?

Administering high-flow oxygen can exacerbate carbon dioxide narcosis, particularly in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other conditions that lead to respiratory acidosis. These patients often rely on a lower arterial oxygen tension to stimulate their respiratory drive due to their bodies adapting to high carbon dioxide levels. When high-flow oxygen is provided, it can blunt their hypoxic drive, leading to an increase in carbon dioxide retention and potentially resulting in narcosis. This condition manifests as drowsiness or altered consciousness, and in severe cases, it can progress to respiratory failure.

Understanding the balance between oxygen delivery and the patient’s underlying physiology is crucial, especially in patients with chronic respiratory issues. The goal is to maintain adequate oxygenation without suppressing their natural respiratory function. While other conditions listed may have varying responses to oxygen therapy, the specific risk of increased carbon dioxide levels and subsequent narcosis is most pronounced in patients receiving high-flow oxygen.