What are the risks associated with high flow rates of oxygen therapy?

High flow rates of oxygen therapy indeed carry the risk of oxygen toxicity. When oxygen is administered at concentrations significantly higher than normal atmospheric levels, it can result in harmful effects on the body, particularly the lungs and central nervous system. This is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can cause oxidative stress and damage cellular structures.

In the lungs, high concentrations of oxygen can lead to inflammation and damage to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs responsible for gas exchange, potentially resulting in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Neurological effects can also manifest if the brain is exposed to elevated levels of oxygen for extended periods, potentially leading to seizures and other serious complications.

Oxygen toxicity is a critical consideration in clinical settings, especially for patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy or those with chronic conditions. Monitoring and managing the dose and duration of oxygen therapy is vital to minimize the risk of these toxic effects while ensuring adequate oxygenation.