What are the possible complications of high-flow oxygen therapy?

High-flow oxygen therapy can lead to several complications, particularly when used for extended periods or at high concentrations. Oxygen toxicity, which may occur when oxygen is administered at elevated levels for a prolonged time, can damage lung tissues and lead to symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, and even pulmonary edema.

Carbon dioxide narcosis is another risk associated with oxygen therapy, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When these patients receive high levels of oxygen, their respiratory drive may diminish because they rely on low oxygen levels as a stimulus to breathe. This can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, resulting in narcosis, or altered consciousness.

Lung damage can also occur from the use of high-flow oxygen, particularly in patients with pre-existing lung conditions. High levels of oxygen can cause inflammation and damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane, impacting gas exchange and overall lung function.

Overall, while oxygen therapy is essential for managing various medical conditions, it is crucial to monitor patients closely to avoid these complications, particularly oxygen toxicity, carbon dioxide narcosis, and potential lung damage. This understanding underscores the necessity of careful dosing and monitoring during high-flow oxygen therapy.