What are the effects of prolonged high-flow oxygen therapy on neonates?

Prolonged high-flow oxygen therapy in neonates, particularly those who are premature or have underlying health issues, can lead to a significant risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP is a disorder that affects the development of the retina in premature infants, where abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina due to the influence of high oxygen levels. When oxygen saturation is maintained too high for an extended period, it can disrupt normal vascular development in the immature retinal tissue, leading to complications like ROP.

While other effects may occur with oxygen therapy, such as improved lung function or varying oxygen absorption rates, they are not direct consequences of prolonged high-flow therapy in the same way that the risk of ROP is. Additionally, decreased heart rate is generally not associated with high-flow oxygen therapy; in fact, oxygen therapy can influence hemodynamic responses, but the primary concern related to prolonged use is the potential development of ROP. Thus, understanding the specific implications of oxygen therapy on neonates, particularly the risks associated with retinopathy, is crucial for safe and effective management in this vulnerable population.